Using an incentive spirometer post-operatively is intended to prevent which complication?

• A. Deep vein thrombosis
• B. Pneumonia
• C. Constipation
• D. Urinary retention

Answer: (B)

Postoperative incentive spirometry targets lung expansion to prevent pulmonary complications. After surgery, shallow breathing can cause parts of the lungs to collapse (atelectasis), which impairs ventilation and mucus clearance and raises the risk of pneumonia. The incentive spirometer guides the patient to take slow, deep breaths, causing the lungs to inflate more fully and keep the airways open. This improves alveolar ventilation and helps mobilize secretions, reducing pneumonia risk. It isn’t a measure for preventing deep vein thrombosis, constipation, or urinary retention, which are addressed with early mobilization, bowel management, and fluid/urinary monitoring, respectively.